The possibility that ovulation induction increases the risk of ovarian cancer remains unproven. However, recent studies suggest that both infertility and endometriosis may be independent risk factors. Despite the various case reports and epidemiological studies performed the association between the use of infertility drugs and ovarian cancer remains weak. The fact that the women who were the first to use ovulation agents are now reaching mid-life means that future studies should show whether any association exists. Hence, there is a need now for large prospective trials to be performed to establish whether an association between ovulation induction agents and ovarian cancer truly exists.