Osteoporosis has lately become recognized as an important disease on two accounts. On one hand, demographic change has resulted in a greatly increased and increasing burden of morbidity and mortality due to osteoporotic fracturing. On the other hand, lifestyle changes and preventive measures have become recognized as important factors in prevention of both osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, while several effective drug treatments have recently become available to treat osteoporosis by increasing bone density and reducing fracture incidence. Because bone density is, with age, the best predictor of fracture risk, its measurement has become central to the care of those potentially at risk. When a clinician refers a person for a bone density examination, the clinician should be concerned less with an "imaging diagnosis" than with the requirement that the laboratory has procedures in place for rigorous quality assurance and precision measurements, as well as for education of the staff involved. Implementation of these measures and an understanding of their clinical relevance in diagnosis and follow-up, as well as communication with clinicians in this context, are more important than any diagnostic insight that might be provided by "interpreting" a bone density study.