Seven cases of polycystic ovarian disease were investigated by laparoscopy and endocrinologic tests after failure of ovarian resection to restore fertility. One case of bilateral and two cases of unilateral ovarian atrophy were recorded. In all seven patients the common features were extensive perivarian and peritubal adhesions. Four of the six patients amenable to cure were submitted to reconstructive surgery; three of them conceived and had normal deliveries. The present observations support the plea to relegate the surgical approach to a minor position in patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome and stress the importance of meticulous surgical technique in the performance of ovarian surgery. Laparoscopic investigation is mandatory in all cases of unsuccessful ovarian resection.