CONTEXT: Cross-sectional studies have found associations among elevated cognitive dietary restraint (CDR), increased ovulatory disturbances, and lower bone mass, possibly mediated by cortisol. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether healthy young women with higher CDR have more menstrual cycles with subclinical ovulatory disturbances (SOD), elevated 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC), and less positive 2-yr areal bone mineral density change (Delta-aBMD). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We conducted a 2-yr longitudinal study of 123 healthy, community-dwelling, nonobese, regularly menstruating women aged 19-35 yr. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Key variables were Three Factor Eating Questionnaire Restraint score, percent of cycles with anvoluation and/or luteal phase length <10 d (%SOD), UFC, and Delta-aBMD at the lumbar spine (L1-L4), total hip, and whole body. Anthropometrics, general stress, physical activity, and energy intake were measured. Adjusting for potential confounders, differences were examined by general linear modeling using median split of CDR score and %SOD. RESULTS: Women with higher CDR had higher %SOD (56 vs. 34%, P